LITT (Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy)

LITT is performed by a neurosurgeon in a specialized operating room, often with MRI guidance. Under general anesthesia, a small hole is made in the skull, and a thin laser fiber (or probe) is carefully inserted into the targeted brain area. Using real-time MRI images, the neurosurgeon precisely positions the laser fiber within the tumor or seizure focus. Controlled laser energy is then delivered, heating and destroying the abnormal tissue through thermal ablation. The minimally invasive nature of LITT means less disruption to healthy brain tissue and a smaller incision compared to traditional surgery.

• MRI guidance ensures accurate targeting and monitoring of tissue temperature.
• The procedure typically takes a few hours, with most patients going home the next day.
• LITT leaves only a small scar and usually requires a shorter hospital stay.

LITT is used to treat a range of brain conditions that are difficult to manage with medication or open surgery. The most common indications include certain types of brain tumors—such as gliomas, metastases, and radiation necrosis—as well as epilepsy caused by focal lesions. LITT is also effective for treating hypothalamic hamartomas and other epileptogenic foci that trigger seizures. Because LITT targets specific areas with precision, it can be an option for patients with deep or hard-to-reach lesions.

• Brain tumors (primary and metastatic)
• Epilepsy due to focal brain lesions or hypothalamic hamartomas
• Radiation necrosis and other abnormal brain tissue

LITT offers several advantages over conventional open brain surgery. As a minimally invasive procedure, LITT requires only a small incision and causes less disruption to healthy brain tissue. This often results in a shorter hospital stay, faster recovery, and reduced risk of complications such as infection or bleeding. Patients typically experience less pain and scarring, and many can return to normal activities sooner. At the UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, our neurosurgeons are leaders in minimally invasive techniques, using advanced technology to maximize safety and outcomes.

• Faster recovery and shorter hospital stay compared to open surgery
• Lower risk of infection, bleeding, and damage to healthy tissue
• Ideal for deep-seated or otherwise inoperable brain lesions

Not every patient with a brain tumor or epilepsy is a candidate for LITT. The decision depends on factors such as the size, location, and type of brain lesion, as well as the patient’s overall health and treatment history. At the UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, a multidisciplinary team—including neurosurgeons, neurologists, and radiologists—will carefully evaluate your case. Imaging studies and neurological exams help determine if LITT is the safest and most effective option for you.

• Ideal for patients with deep or hard-to-reach brain lesions
• Considered for those who cannot undergo open surgery or prefer a minimally invasive approach
• Comprehensive evaluation ensures the best individualized treatment plan

Before your LITT procedure, you will meet with your care team to review your medical history and imaging studies. On the day of surgery, you’ll receive general anesthesia to ensure comfort. The neurosurgeon makes a small incision and creates a tiny opening in the skull to insert the laser catheter. Using MRI guidance, the laser fiber is positioned in the targeted brain area. Controlled laser energy is applied to ablate the abnormal tissue, with real-time monitoring to protect healthy areas. After the procedure, you’ll be observed in the hospital—most patients go home within 24–48 hours.

• Preoperative imaging and planning ensure precise targeting
• The procedure is typically completed in a few hours
• Most patients experience a rapid recovery and minimal discomfort

While LITT is generally safe and less invasive than open surgery, it does carry some risks. Potential complications include bleeding, infection, swelling, or unintended injury to healthy brain tissue. Rarely, patients may experience neurological changes or delayed healing. The use of MRI guidance and advanced monitoring helps minimize these risks. Your care team will discuss all potential side effects and work closely with you to ensure a safe recovery.

• Risks are generally lower than with traditional open surgery
• Most side effects are mild and temporary
• Your team will provide detailed instructions for monitoring and follow-up

Recovery after LITT is typically much faster than after open brain surgery. Most patients spend only one or two nights in the hospital and can return to daily activities within a week. Pain and swelling are usually minimal, and the small incision heals quickly. For patients with epilepsy, LITT can lead to significant reduction or even freedom from seizures. For brain tumor patients, LITT can shrink or destroy tumor tissue, helping to control symptoms and improve quality of life. Your team will monitor your progress and provide ongoing support.

• Shorter recovery time and less pain compared to open surgery
• Many patients resume normal activities within days
• Regular follow-up ensures the best possible outcomes

At the UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, our neurosurgeons are national leaders in laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT), offering patients access to the latest technology and advanced neuroimaging for precise, minimally invasive brain procedures. Our experienced care team collaborates across specialties to ensure every patient receives a personalized treatment plan, whether you’re seeking care locally or traveling from across the globe. We are committed to innovation, safety, and compassionate support at every step—helping you achieve the best possible outcomes with less disruption to your life.

If you or a loved one is seeking compassionate neurological care, call 513-475-8000 to reach the team at UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute.